Sugar Plantations Deployment Timeline
The Sugar Plantation Timeline
The information listed here may differ. Dates and number of plantations brought to Hawaii may differ, depending on the sources used.
| Group | Year(s) | Details |
|---|---|---|
|
Chinese
|
1823
|
Skilled workers arrived to help set up sugar mills
|
|
Chinese
|
1852
|
Second group of Chinese arrived
|
|
Chinese
|
1856
|
Last Chinese contract laborers entered Hawaii
|
|
Chinese
|
1900
|
Chinese Exclusion Act
|
|
South Sea Islanders
|
1859
|
Ten arrived
|
|
South Sea Islanders
|
1868–1885
|
About 2,500; some kidnapped (Blackbirding)
|
|
Japanese
|
1868
|
First small group arrived (140; 40 returned)
|
|
Japanese
|
1884–1907
|
About 140,000 arrived, predominantly males
|
|
Japanese
|
1900
|
Okinawan immigration began
|
|
Japanese
|
1907
|
Gentlemen’s Agreement restricted immigration
|
|
Japanese
|
1907–1924
|
More than 14,000 picture brides arrived
|
|
Japanese
|
1924
|
Excluded by National Origins Quota Act
|
|
Portuguese
|
1878–1887
|
12,780 from Madeira & Azores; families encouraged
|
|
Portuguese
|
1906–1913
|
At least 5,000 more arrived
|
|
Germans
|
1881–1885
|
1,279 arrived
|
|
Norwegians
|
1881
|
About 615 in family groups; included some Swedes
|
|
Polish
|
1897
|
300–400 from Galicia, Austria-Hungary Empire
|
|
Puerto Ricans
|
1900–1901
|
Over 5,000 arrived in family groups
|
|
Puerto Ricans
|
1921
|
683 arrived via HSPA recruitment
|
|
Blacks
|
1900–1901
|
From Tennessee and Louisiana
|
|
Italians
|
1900–1901
|
About 100 from Louisiana
|
|
Koreans
|
1903–1905
|
About 6,500 arrived
|
|
Koreans
|
1910–1923
|
About 1,000 picture brides
|
|
Filipinos
|
1906–1934
|
About 120,000 arrived, mostly single males
|
|
Filipinos
|
1934
|
Tydings-McDuffie Act limited quota to 50
|
|
Filipinos
|
1946
|
About 7,500 more arrived
|
|
Filipinos
|
1965
|
Third wave; few for plantations
|
|
Russians
|
1906
|
About 110 Molokan Russians
|
|
Russians
|
1909–1912
|
About 1,250 from Siberia & Manchuria
|
|
Spaniards
|
1907–1913
|
About 8,000; 1,500 remained by 1920
|
|
Hindus
|
1908
|
About 200 from India; most went to mainland
|
Chinese
1823
Skilled workers arrived to help set up sugar mills.
1852
Second group of Chinese arrived.
1886
Last Chinese contract laborers entered Hawai‘i.
1900
Chinese Exclusion Act.
South Sea Islanders
1859
Ten arrived.
1868–1885
About 2,500. Some were kidnapped, an act called “Blackbirding.”
Japanese
1855
First small group arrived (140, 40 returned).
1885–1907
About 14,000 came, predominantly males.
1890
Okinawan immigration began.
1900
U.S. Agreement restricted further importation of Japanese laborers.
1907–1924
More than 14,000 picture brides arrived.
1924
Japanese were excluded by the National Origins Quota Act.
Portuguese
1878–1887
About 12,000 came from Madeira and Azores Islands. First to be encouraged to migrate as families.
1906–1913
At least 5,000 more arrived.
Germans
1881–1885
— 1,279.
Norwegians
1881
About 615 in family groups. Included a few Swedes.
Polish
1897
300–400 from the province of Galicia, Poland.
The nation was conquered several times and in 1795 was partitioned among Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
These immigrants were officially from the Austria–Hungary Empire.
Puerto Ricans
1900–1901
More than 5,000 arrived in family groups.
First from one new American colony to another new American colony.
Second, and last recruitment by HSPA in Puerto Rico — 633 arrived.
1921
From Tennessee.
About 200 from Louisiana.
Blacks
1900
From Tennessee.
About 200 from Louisiana.
Italians
1900–1901
About 100 from Louisiana.
Koreans
1903–1905
About 6,500.
1910–1923
About 1,000 picture brides came.
Filipinos
1906
About 120,000, predominantly single males.
1934
Tydings–McDuffie Act restricted annual immigration of Filipinos to quota of 50.
1946–1965
Third wave of Filipino migration. Few for plantations.
Russians
1906
About 110 Molokan Russians.
1909–1912
About 1,250 from Siberia and Manchuria.
Spaniards
1907–1913
About 8,000. By 1920 only about 1,500 still in Hawai‘i.
Hindus
1908
About 200 from India. Almost all went on to the mainland.